Libro electronico o ebook recuperacion de platino y otros PMG de catalizadores o convertidores cataliticos automotrices

Nuevo libro electronico o eBook de Recuperación de Platino, Paladio, Rodio de Catalizadores Catalíticos (2019), disponible ahora en TIENDAS KINDLE DE AMAZON.

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ISBN-13: 978-1795591126

AUTOR: ING.QUIMICO HERWARTH MORALES

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LIBRO ELECTRONICO O eBook en formato kindle

Product details

File Size: 27604 KB

Print Length: 123 pages

Simultaneous Device Usage: Unlimited

Publication Date: January 28, 2019

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: Spanish

ASIN: B07N7K73XT

Word Wise: Not Enabled

Lending: Not Enabled

Screen Reader: Supported 

Enhanced Typesetting: Enabled 

LIBRO EN FORMATO PAPERBACK:

Product details

* Paperback: 152 pages

* Publisher: Independently published (January 31, 2019)

* Language: Spanish

* ISBN-10: 1795591129

* ISBN-13: 978-1795591126

* Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.4 x 9 inches

* Shipping Weight: 10.1 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

RECICLAJE DE PLATINO, PALADIO, RODIO DE CATALIZADORES CATALÍTICOS AUTOMOTRICES.

Usted ha ingresado al mundo de la metalurgia extractiva que abarca conceptos tan antiguos como la pirometalurgia (fuego), hidrometalurgia (agua) y electroquímica (energía) que en muchos sentidos, es el equivalente moderno de la alquimia al cual pertenecieron distinguidos científicos, como Isaac Newton y Robert Boyle. 

En este manuscrito se dan a conocer los métodos más utilizados para recuperar el platino y los metales del grupo de los platinos (PGMs) a partir de catalizadores o convertidores catalíticos usados o desechados aplicando el método hidrometalúrgico, extracción con disolventes o lixiviación acida.

Se pretende proporcional un método didáctico y práctico de ser posible la ejecución del resultado mucho más pragmático y funcional.

El propósito del manuscrito es dirigirse a toda persona interesada en el reciclaje de PGMs a partir de los convertidores catalíticos, pudiendo ser también de utilidad a aquellos que se dedican al conocimiento o la investigación.

El presente libro consta de 4 capítulos distribuidos así:

En el Capítulo I se realiza el estudio general de los principios básicos sobre los catalizadores que serán la materia prima de la recuperaremos metales preciosos como el platino, paladio y rodio presentes en los monolitos cerámicos.

En el Capítulo II se da una guía básica suficientemente clara y concisa sobre cómo realizar el proceso de apertura del Catalizador o Convertidor Catalítico, extracción, dado que se encuentra de una estructura metálica de acero que fue diseñada para resistir las condiciones extremas a las que es sometida durante su funcionamiento.

En el Capítulo III, trata específicamente del método que se emplea en la recuperación del platino y PGMs presentes en material pretratado como se indica en el Capítulo II, en parte se detalla de manera explícita los procedimientos teóricos y prácticos para aplicar el método de extracción con disolventes o SX. 

Usted podrá conocer las reacciones químicas que ocurren durante el proceso recuperación.

En el Capítulo IV, es una especie de apéndice que da a conocer algunos principios teóricos que pueden resultar útiles para principiantes o emprendedores.

 LA VERSIÓN (2019) AUMENTADA,CORREGIDA Y MEJORADA

ISBN-13: 978-1795591126

AUTOR: ING.QUIMICO HERWARTH MORALES

EBOOK RECICLAJE DE PLATINO DE CATALIZADORES O CONVERTIDORES CATALÍTICOS (AGOTADOS O DESECHADOS)

PREGUNTAS O INFORMES:

herwarth3@gmail.com

Platinum ETFS for 2017

Platinum is difficult to buy and keep physically. However, investors can buy exchange-traded funds (ETFs ) that specialize in platinum. In addition to being a rare precious metal, there is great demand for platinum because it is used in car parts and electrical circuitry and even has some medical uses. Of course, platinum jewelry is also popular.

Platinum has been experiencing a price decline in recent years, but several events may boost platinum in the near future. Many platinum mines have closed and this has limited supply. If demand continues to be strong, the imbalance between supply and demand could mean a rise in price for the precious metal. Also, Asian financial institutions have decided to increase their buying of platinum to mitigate volatility in the equity markets. (See also: These Charts Suggest Now Is the Time to Buy Platinum.)

We have selected the top three platinum ETFs based on year-to-date returns as of December 31, 2016. We also looked for a variety of approaches for investing in platinum to give investors broader choices.

ETFs Physical Platinum (PPLT)

PPLT is the strongest choice for gaining exposure to the price of physical platinum. Buying shares in this ETF gives the investor nearly the same return as actual platinum would, minus fund expenses. Note that the expense ratio is 0.60%.

Investors tend to use PPLT to avoid exposure to the futures market while gaining exposure to platinum. The fund buys and holds platinum bars and stores them in vaults.

PPLT is the biggest platinum fund by trading volume. It does not pay a dividend because it only holds platinum bullion.

• Avg. Volume: 55,563

• Net Assets: $481.02 million

• Yield: 0.00%

• YTD Return: 1.88%

• Expense Ratio: 0.60%

• Inception Date: January 1, 2010

• Since Inception: -7.51%

UBS E-Tracs CMCI Long Platinum Total Return ETN (PTM)

PTM is actually an exchange-traded note (ETN) that gives investors exposure to the platinum futures markets. It attempts to mimic the UBS Bloomberg CMCI Platinum Total Return Index. The futures contracts have a maturity of three months. PTM holds a basket of futures contracts with varying expiration months to mitigate risk.

PTM is not very liquid because it trades around 10,000 shares per day. Note that an ETN is a debt security, so anyone interested in this fund should examine the creditworthiness of the entity issuing the note.

• Avg. Volume: 10,569

• Net Assets: $19.16 million

• Yield: 0.00%

• YTD Return: 1.37%

• Expense Ratio: 0.65%

• Inception Date: May 8, 2008

• Since Inception: -10.07%

iPath Bloomberg Platinum Subindex Total Return (PGM)

PGM offers a different approach to the platinum futures market. It tracks the Bloomberg Platinum Sub-index Total Return. This index holds a futures contract on platinum in the nearest contract month. It may also hold U.S. Treasury bills.

The low average volume indicates that PGM is not very liquid.

• Avg. Volume: 598

• Net Assets: $6.89 million

• Yield: 0.00%

• YTD Return: 0.85%

• Expense Ratio: 0.75%

• Inception Date: June 24, 2008

• Since Inception: -10.43%

Bottom Line

PGM and PTM do not create new shares, primarily because they are ETNs. This can lead to overvaluation of these two entities. Creating new shares tends to reduce the price of an ETF, but since ETNs seldom issue new shares, there are no new issues to counter the rise in share prices. However, investors who are interested in platinum can buy existing shares of these two ETNs.

PPLT is an actual ETF with numerous shares available. Clearly, the opportunities here are for those who think the limited supply in the face of steady or increasing demand will raise the price of this commodity. (See also: A Beginner's Guide To Precious Metals.)

Buying into platinum would most certainly be considered speculative at this point, so this ETF and the ETNs might not be suitable for the major portion of investment assets an investor may have. A careful allocation strategy, however, could make an investment in platinum a reasonable risk.

Gold price edges higher, investor focus turns to FOMC minutes

Gold was in positive territory on the morning of Tuesday November 22 in rangebound trading in London while investors await the minutes of the previous US Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) tomorrow.

The spot gold price was recently quoted at $1,218.45/1,218.85 per oz, up $3 on Monday's close. Trade has ranged from $1,213.75 to $1,221.05 so far.

"Gold kept its head above water, with technical-based buying supporting the market. However, with the market increasing bets on a December rate hike in the US, this buying is unlikely to persist in the short term," ANZ said.

Investors will scrutinise the minutes from the previous FOMC meeting for hints on when and how quickly the Fed will raise interest rates. Market participants currently see a 95.4% chance of a rate increase in December, according to the CME FedWatch tool.

"With investors' dual focus on the buoyant equities markets and this Wednesday's FOMC minutes, gold and the rest of the precious metals have fallen out of favour. Consolidation... is likely to be the main driver leading into the FOMC minutes," Commerzbank said.

In currencies, the dollar index has eased since peaking at 101.49 last Friday, its highest since April 2003. It was recently at 100.70, down 0.12% on the previous close.

In the other precious metals, the spot silver price was up 20 cents at $16.860/16.880 per oz. Platinum climbed $12 to $944/954 per oz and palladium at $737/743 per oz was $15 higher.

The World Platinum Investment Council (WPIC) forecasts global platinum demand in 2016 to fall 3% year-on-year to 8,040,000 oz. It sees total platinum supply at a marginally lower 7,870,000 oz year-on-year, it said in its quarterly report today.

Total platinum supply in 2017 is seen dropping by 2% to 7,745,000 oz while mining supply will be flat year-on-year in 6,000,000 oz. Platinum recycling will decline to 1,745,000 oz, down 6% year-on-year, the WPIC predicted.

It forecasts total platinum demand in 2017 to fall 2% year-on-year to 7,845,000 oz, with projected growth in jewellery demand unable to offset expected declines in automotive, industrial and investment demand, the WPIC added.

Platinum market deficit set to shrink in 2017

Platinum market deficit set to shrink in 2017 - WPIC

* Platinum market expected to see 100koz shortfall next year * Diesel share of European car market tipped to fall * Bar, coin investment seen weakening in 2017 By Jan Harvey LONDON, Nov 22 The platinum market deficit will shrink to its narrowest since 2011 next year, the World Platinum Investment Council said on Tuesday, as a drop in investment and diesel's waning share of the European car market pressure demand. The WPIC also cut its expected platinum market shortfall for this year to 170,000 ounces from the 520,000 ounces predicted in September, citing a larger than expected drop in Chinese platinum jewellery demand, and higher recycling. That deficit will likely shrink to 100,000 ounces in 2017, it said, cutting above-ground stocks of the metal to 2.045 million ounces by the end of next year, the WPIC said. "It's all good and well to say that metal is available from above-ground stocks, but as soon as the vaulted holdings aren't for sale, any deficit makes for concern, especially from industrial users," the WPIC's director of research Trevor Raymond said. Autocatalyst demand is expected to decline 1 percent next year, the WPIC said, as diesel's overall share of the autocatalyst market shrinks. Demand for platinum for use in catalytic converters was flat this year, it said, in the face of concerns that last year's Volkswagen emissions scandal would dent demand for diesel cars, which use a higher loading of platinum in their autocatalysts. "At the moment, the 2016 percentage of diesels on European roads is 50 percent. Our forecast for next year includes a 48.5 percent diesel share, so that's a fairly aggressive fall," Raymond said. There has also been a move to other forms of emissions control technology, he said. Investment in platinum, which is expected to have risen 15 percent this year on the back of strong coin and bar demand, particularly in Japan, is forecast to fall by more than a quarter next year, the WPIC said. It expects bar and coin investment to lighten, and demand for platinum-backed exchange-traded funds, which tailed off recently after a strong start to the year, to be little changed. Overall platinum demand is tipped to fall 3 percent this year to 8.04 million ounces, the WPIC said. Jewellery demand is expected to slip by 10 percent, or 300,000 ounces, as buying in number one consumer China drops for a second year. On the supply side of the market, refined production by mining companies is predicted to have fallen 3 percent this year. The WPIC revised up its forecast for recycled platinum supply this year to 1.86 million ounces from 1.745 million in September, due chiefly to rising jewellery recycling in China. PLATINUM SUPPLY/DEMAND ('000 OZ)* 2015 2016 2017 (f) (f) Refined production 6,150 5,970 6,070 Change in producer inventory 45 40 -70 Total mine output 6,195 6,010 6,000 Recycling 1,710 1,860 1,745 TOTAL SUPPLY 7,905 7,870 7,745 Automotive demand 3,395 3,390 3,360 Jewellery 2,880 2,580 2,625 Industrial 1,685 1,720 1,610 Investment 305 350 250 TOTAL DEMAND 8,265 8,040 7,845 Balance -360 -170 -100 Above-ground stocks 2,315 2,145 2,045 * Source: World Platinum Investment Council, Platinum Quarterly Q3 2016